The article examines the features of political modernization in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The current stage in the development of Kazakhstan's society is characterized by attempts by power structures to further consolidate the civilized values of life, which requires a fundamentally new political science approach to scientific research and a scrupulous analysis of the political processes taking place in it in the course of political modernization; Also to a scientific study of the optimal resolution of the problems of the modernization process in its value change Rhenium. It is generally recognized by "political modernization" to understand the transition from a traditional society to a "modern" society, that is, in a technological dimension - from a "preindustrial" society to an "industrial" society, and in a social dimension from a society with a legitimately rooted tradition, to a society founded, on the principles of rationalization and personal autonomy.
The implementation of reforms in various spheres of society involves the formation of an entirely different qualitative and new value system, the revision of spiritual and moral parameters and the establishment of new values in the process of modernization.
There is no doubt that the political changes that accompanied "political modernization" mean the development of representative democracy in the entire scope of this concept, including changes in the value dimension, political culture and psychology, primarily in the system of motivations and values, political and socio-economic organization society. At the same time, differences in the level of development of societies that have embarked on the path of modernization in historically different times are coordinated with differences in the level of accumulation by the masses of a new "motivational syndrome"
Among the urgent problems that are waiting for an immediate and effective solution in the current historical situation is the organization of the activities of political institutions designed to comprehend and understand the current state of humanity, the development and application of such political technologies that would ensure high efficiency of political activity, stabilization and Integration of human interests, peoples and states.
The task of modernizing of the political system is one of the priority, in the proposed package of President Nazarbaev's initiatives - the "National Program for Political Reforms." [1]
Thus, the twentieth century has become a century of a global change, which found its reflection in the modern political process of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The fall of the main totalitarian system of government ensured the emergence of new independent states. The failure of communist ideology led to the spread of the values of modern Western society. Fifteen former Soviet republics were replaced by completely new systems of government.
As we know, in the process of political modernization, national values are closely connected with national- political self-consciousness. Consequently, the events taking place in Kazakhstan and the former USSR testify to the revival of national-political self-awareness, spiritual culture, national languages, etc. So, primordial rites, customs, traditions, old norms of behavior and mentality of the people of Kazakhstan are now perceived as national values in the context of political modernization.
Modern national values and norms are just beginning to form under a certain vision of the objective world and the tendencies of its development. This is their stability. However, it should be borne in mind that national values often act as a standard that largely determines the content and direction of Kazakhstan's national values. For example, the rights of a Kazakh are the original value inherent in him, as a representative of the human race, a reference point for the progressive development of society. The modern concept of the rights of a Kazakh in the period of political modernization should put forward the freedom of the individual, its autonomy.
In turn, the formation of new value dimensions and benchmarks in the modernization of Kazakhstan's society, the choice of a whole system of new political values is a complex and far from ambiguous process. But, on the other hand, without a certain set of values, modern Kazakh society can not function, since values determine the criteria of a society-recognized behavior, on the basis of which certain systems of normative value control, social and political institutions, individual and collective actions of people are based. Thus ensuring order in society, in its value dimension and the so-called value solidarity of all social actors. In this case, it is the value dimensions in the modern Kazakhstan society that unite and unite the people of Kazakhstan in the process of political modernization.
The Republic of Kazakhstan, having acquired its independence, has entered the path of democratic political reforms of the political system. This meant such political reforms as the transformation of the political system from totalitarianism to democracy, the creation of a mature civil society and the rule of law, etc.
One of the distinguishing features of the modernization process in the Republic of Kazakhstan is its evolutionary and consistent nature. Modernization in our republic proceeds from the principles of timeliness and relevance of reform reforms. The entire modernization process is taking place at certain stages, which are designated primarily by the President's Address to the people of Kazakhstan.
The Kazakhstan population managed to preserve their national accord and political stability, fully demonstrating their confidence in the political reforms initiated by the head of state, the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan citizens are the backbone of the national consensus within Kazakhstan. It is the nomadic and universal culture, traditions, mentality of the Kazakhs that rendered and have a significant influence on the dynamics of political reforms and the formation, as well as the development of a common Kazakhstan mentality. Therefore, it is unquestionably necessary to investigate the influence of culture, traditions and other axiological aspects of the life of citizens of our state and society as a whole on political modernization, as well as study the impact of political modernization on the change, revival of cultural and value aspects of Kazakhstan society. All these parties objectively called for an urgent need to study and generalize Kazakhstan's experience of political transformation on the democratization of the state, state authorities, the formation and development of civil society, and the introduction of democratic culture in all spheres of public life in the Republic of Kazakhstan. The process of transition from a traditional system to a modern one in itself implies complexities and conceals potential crises. Under these circumstances, the fact that the modernization subject in Kazakhstan, without deviating from the overall goal of reform, is gradually and logically modernized is very positive, which directly has a direct impact on the development of the value dimension of Kazakhstan society. The world experience of modernization abounds with examples when an overly hasty, ill-conceived political change leads to the collapse of the transformation and the process of value measurements as a whole. Therefore, to the new values of the modern Kazakhstan as well as any other society, have become popular, the expiration of a certain time is necessary. Of course, to achieve this goal, all the political innovations, institutions and procedures for political decision-making that are introduced must really and efficiently function, and not simply be declared. Only if this principle is observed in their work they can ensure their legitimate existence. In turn, legitimization will ensure the recognition of new norms and values on the part of the modernized society [2].
The process of further transformation must proceed from mutual cooperation between society and the subject of modernization, power structures. The political elite must continue to adhere to democratic values and guidelines for the development of the republic. It is necessary to work out in detail the mechanisms for involving citizens in participating in the process of renewal and consolidation of the introduced value priorities, institutions, etc. Allthis will contri bute to the formation of effective factors forfurther democrati zationand modernization of Kazakhstan is ociety.
The adaptation of modernized social structures, institutions and values to a new qualitative state of Kazakhstan society, the continuation and completion of political modernization is the task of the next stage of development, the implementation of which, in our opinion, will depend on the solution of a number of problems related to further policy and reform of the existing political regime, and Also with the formation of developed political institutions and a new mechanism for the exercise of power.
A special role in the positive implementation of modernization is played by the formation of a policy of mutually beneficial cooperation with developed democracies. The experience of their functioning, as well as support in the field of economy, politics, culture is really important. Thus, political modernization in the value dimension ensures the establishment of contacts on a new rational and parity basis between developed and transit states. [3]
It should be noted that contacting should be based on rationalism. The automatic copying of the values and institutions of Western democracies can lead to a completely ambiguous result. Therefore, the process of modernization of the Republic of Kazakhstan in the value dimension in such aspects as stability, harmony, gradualness, consistency, timeliness, was ensured by the functioning of a strong presidential republic.
In the process of modernization in the value dimension, the political institutions to be introduced must be not only democratic, but also particularly strong. This will ensure adaptation to the constantly changing conditions of the social environment, with its goals and objectives. In this respect, the formation of a strong state power will ensure order and stability, interethnic and interfaith consent on the path to transition to democracy. [4]
However, the establishment of a strong government structure should not lead to a desire to step back from the chosen path of democratization and national values. Therefore, it is very important to maintain strong power and simultaneously conduct democratic reform. Through a gradual and gradual reform in Kazakhstan society, new and new value factors, institutions, procedures for democratic life-support in the process of political modernization must accrue. The preservation of a strong executive power must be carried out in conjunction with the introduction of mechanisms of local self-government. The proposed measures to introduce electivity of the heads of local executive authorities also contribute to this process.
The implementation of modernization through the identification of its specific stages will also ensure the effective achievement of the overall goal of reform through a sequence of transformation. At each stage specific goals and objectives are formulated, as well as ways to achieve them. The solution of the set goals and tasks, thus, will ensure effective modernization and lead to the achievement of a common goal with the least losses.
In the process of transition from a totalitarian society to a modern one, Kazakhstan has managed to overcome the disease of blind imitation of existing democratic systems. At the same time, our country has successfully applied the experience of modernization of individual countries. The most important thing is that the main universal national values of democratic living arrangements have become the main objectives of the development of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Thus, recognizing the presence of certain specific features, our country, taking into account the world democratic experience, systematically implements the overall strategy of modernization of the post-Soviet society and the state in the value dimension.
In political science it was proved that the basic ideals and traditions in society have a dual influence in the implementation and implementation of political, social and cultural, economic modernization. In addition, social values and traditions can become an internal mechanism and an instrument to block the adoption and implementation by the government and the government of political decisions to modernize and radically change the existing political system, regime, government and government. In addition, socio-political values can become the basis and mechanism for uniting the population, rallying citizens around the implementation by the authorities of large-scale political and economic reforms, significant transformations. It is confirmed that political changes and transformation that affect the majority of the population should seek help and support of existing in society ideals and values.
Thus, at the present stage, there are all the basic prerequisites: political, social, economic, cultural, spiritual and other for development of Kazakhstan for the successful democratization of the political system. Proof of this are social and economic, political changes in our country. Today Kazakhstan is the leader among the countries of the Central Asian region and some of the CIS countries.
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