A survey of 125 neuro-oncological patients suffering from convulsions was conduct. The research revealed that the tumor lesion of the left hemisphere often characterized by simple partial and generalized seizures, for the development of a tumor in the right hemisphere is characterized complex partial seizures. Seizures develop more frequently with low-grade malignancy, and in patients younger than 40 years.
Epilepsy is a serious disease of the central nervous system, often resulting in profound disability of patients. According to WHO, the prevalence of epilepsy reaches 0.7-1.2% of the population in developed countries [3, 4, 7]. This indicates a high medical and social significance of the problem and actuality of searching for methods for early diagnosis of the disease and effective ways of its treatment [1, 5].
In the clinical picture of brain tumors convulsions are the first and only symptoms of the disease in more than one third of observations [2, 4, 5, 6, 7]. Often an epileptic seizure manifests not in classic epileptic attacks or sensory impairments, but in psychopathological changes. It makes it quite difficult to diagnose and treat the disease in such cases [4].
Despite the large amount of research on symptomatic Uzbekistan epilepsy, only a few papers describe correlation of psychopathological structure of attacks with an affected side, and the tumor localization [1, 2, 3, 4]. Herewith, questions about the dependence of the structure and the frequency of attacks on the profile of functional asymmetry has not been completely solved [1, 2, 3].
Methods and results. At the Republican Scientific Center of Neurosurgery 125 patients who had surgery because of tumors in the cerebral hemispheres were examined during 2011-2012 years. In the profile of functional asymmetry among the studied patients righties dominated - 95 (76%), signs of left-handedness were detected in 19 (15.5%), left-handers were 4 patients (2.5%). Profile of functional asymmetry was not installed in the remaining 7 patients (6%).
More than half of these patients had meningioma - 50 patients (40%) and astrocytoma - 25 patients (20%) confirmed histologically. Glioblastoma was in 24 patients (18%) sarcomasin 13 patients (11%). Histology was not performed (at the time of the study) in 13 patients (11%).
Tumor was determined in the left hemisphere of the brain in 67 patients (54%), in the right hemisphere - in 58 (46%) patients. The debut of the disease with epileptic seizures was diagnosed in 98 patients (78.5%), in 92 of them it was the only manifestation of the growing tumor of the brain.
Special attention was paid to mental sphere changes and it characterization in patients with tumors of the cerebral hemispheres and symptomatic epilepsy. When considering the dependence of the seizure structure versus intrahemispheric localization of tumors and lesion side in right-handed patients the following patterns where revealed
On the basis of studied material it was confirmed that for theright-handers who had tumors in left hemisphere it was more likely to have generalized seizures, complex partial seizures and verbal attacks with ideational paroxysms. In patients with tumors of the right hemisphere affective and psychosensory attacks were more frequent.
The difference in going out of seizures in patients with left and right hemisphere tumors were determined. Patients with right-brain tumors came to a clear mind and could remain active almost immediately after the attack while the left-side patients remained entangled and disoriented and have not known what had happened to them.
Analysis of patients' individual characteristics and their impact on seizures has helped to determine that seizures occurred 2 times oftener in patients younger than 40 years who had signs of left-handedness. Patients with left-handedness have been described as group with more frequent mental paroxysms and polymorphism of seizures. Disorders of speech and gnosis in left-handers have not been so expressed and have not reached the degree of aphasia, agnosia, having a different structure.
Epileptic personality changes among patients suffering from epilepsy for more than one year have been detected in in 11 patients.
As a rule, these were the patients with slow-growing tumors: astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas - 9 patients and anaplastic gliomasin 2 patients. Epileptic personality traits developed more often in patients with the left hemisphere lesions (19%) than the in right (7%).
CONCLUSIONS
- Tumor malignancy degree is the leading factor in determining the frequency of seizures in patients with tumors of the cerebral hemispheres: seizures developed more frequently in patients with malignancy low-grade gliomas - (85%) and anaplastic forms (76%), much less - in patients with glioblastomas (34%).
- Side of the lesion determines the structure of psychic attacks: a) For right-handers with hemispheric brain lesions affective psychosensory (derealization, depersonalization, visual and olfactory hallucinations) seizures are inherent b) while for the left hemisphere - seizures that occur with impaired consciousness (complex partial seizures, ambulatory automatism) ideatory and verbal paroxysms.
- 3. Epileptic seizures are 2 times more likely to occur in patients younger than 40 years and patients with signs of left-handedness.
- 4. For patients with left-handedness more frequent development of psychosensory and psychomotor seizures, and it polymorphism is inherent.
LITERATURE:
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