This article examines the role of political parties in the society. Activities parties, usually due to the interaction of different groups of factors of social, historical and institutional nature in combination, unique to each country. As an analysis of the transition from one-party rule to a multiparty system.
To determine the role of the party in the political system, it is necessary to define the system. The con- cept of the political system has entered into scientific use relatively recently in connection with the radical extension of the scope covered by the political process. In XX century. the role of the state has lost the only policy instrument. In developed countries, it is closely intertwined with a complex network of social institu- tions and relationships that led to his connection with civil society to ensure the democratic nature of public authorities. Accordingly, there was a need for a comprehensive study of this relatively new phenomenon.
Transition of Kazakhstan society from an authoritarian, one-party rule, the administrative-command system to democracy actually began with the end of 1986, when questions were raised sharply narodovla ners, political pluralism, sovereignty. It can be noted that at this time arise prerequisites for the institutions of civil society, allowing to articulate and aggregate interests of society and the Ying-forming mechanism of bringing the requirements of society to government.
The formation of democratic institutions, contrary to the expectations of the majority of the population is a long and painful process, which is characterized by the constitutional reform, the reorganization of the major public and political institutions in conditions of prolonged economic crisis.
The reforms increased the desire of social strata of social and economic transformations. This is most effectively influence can be used with the help of citizens' associations, especially parties and political movements. The right of people to freely join and organize a wide variety of non-governmental groups are fundamental principles of a democratic society. Multi-party system becomes a natural attribute of the socio- political development of Kazakhstan. However, this process in the country is still far from complete, but it is already possible to draw some conclusions [1].
The Republic of Kazakhstan has been consistently and gradually moving towards democratic transfor- mation, selected it from the beginning of independence as the main priority. During the years passed in this regard Kazakhstan has managed to achieve significant results. At first, in our country there was an intensive destruction of the old command-administrative political system, expressed through: the introduction of the institution of private property; opening opportunities for entrepreneurship training; for the creation of politi- cal expression, pluralism, development of multi-party system, public associations, independent media.
The process of creating a multi-party system is difficult and multi-faceted. «This multi-party system can not be reduced to the presence of several registered political parties. This well-organized, well-functioning system in which political parties are on an equal legal conditions, honestly compete for influence over major groups and sectors of society, the system, which is provided by the principle of rotation of parties in power according to the clearly expressed will of the voters, «a system in which «it means the presence of a multi- party political structure of the society of a number of political associations of people who express and protect the political level diversity of existing (or emerging) social interests» [2; 52].
The current political system of Kazakhstan is a dialectical unity and struggle of political interests of so- cial groups and strata. In this context, it is important to study the problem of ensuring democratic consensus, which was initiated by the political parties can act, play an important role in the consolidation of major polit- ical forces around socially relevant purposes.
One of the main subjects of political relations in a liberal democracy is the party. That they specifically expressed fundamental principles of democracy — political pluralism, representation, elective officials.
The study of the role of parties in the consolidation of the society involves the scientific treatment of the problem of legitimation of the political regime, the essence of which — in the natural support of the majority of its society. As international experience shows, this support enables the process of socialization of the pop- ulation.
Today is especially important to study the role and influence of political parties as subjects of the politi- cal process is largely dependent on the legal regulation of the state, political and electoral systems of society.
The issue of political parties — is a matter of the essence of the political system of society.
In most countries, political parties are an essential element of the mechanism of democracy, «so to speak act as the engine driving the state mechanism and ensure its normal functioning» [3; 13].
The general definition of a political party, formulated on the basis of the analysis of its main aggravat- ing circumstances are envisaged in the law of modern states, according to Yudin can be formulated as fol- lows: «a political party — a public association, which was created to participate in the political process in order to gain and exercise of state power by constitutional means, acts on a regular basis and has a political nature» [3; 50].
The purpose of political parties in a democratic society can be defined as assistance in the formation and expression of its political will and the implementation of the conquest of state power — as a means to achieve these goals. Such an approach, in our view, most fully consistent with the meaning of the democratic political process and the role of political parties as intermediaries between society and the state, «subordinat- ing its activities in the public interest, and focused primarily on the adequate expression of these interests at the national level» [4; 14], and not on the acquisition of state power.
Activities parties, usually due to the interaction of different groups of factors of social, historical and in- stitutional nature in combination, unique to each country. Under the institutionalization of political parties in the broad sense it should be understood recognition of their necessity and functionality of both the authorities and society. In a narrow sense, the institutionalization imply creation of a legal framework for the activities of political parties.
To some extent, the possibility of the development of a multiparty system predetermined by the pres- ence of political pluralism, which is during the change of socio-economic and political system has become an attribute of the political system of Kazakhstan. Pluralism implies that political life is based on competition and cooperation of various political forces operating under the laws and traditions. With the development of improved pluralism and political space. And as one of the hallmarks of political pluralism is the presence of a multi-party system, we can recognize that improving the party-political space.
The role of political parties in the formation of statehood was of both positive and negative, the causes of which lie in the fact that in today's transforming Kazakhstan, the level of democracy is still low, and polit- ical socialization includes one-time and parallel learning processes of democratic political culture on the one hand and loss estimates, judgments, political orientations and values inherent in a totalitarian system, on the other.
In Kazakhstan, as in other democracies, the existence of political parties — the result of objective his- torical development, democratization of public life. Moreover the constitutional right of the Republic of Ka- zakhstan is characterized by a process of institutionalization of the legal political parties, the legislative effort of their role in the formation and implementation of state power, the recognition of party institutions neces- sary for the functioning of the entire state machinery of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
Currently in Kazakhstan there are many different political parties. They are constantly evolving, leading a political struggle, it is their development, integration and the development of joint positions. To enhance the impact on the state structures and to nominate their representatives in the power structure. In my opinion, develop parties of various political orientation: Democratic, Liberal, pro, etc. Consider a specific party should be in a particular situation. But one thing is clear — the revival of Kazakhstan requires not just the interaction of parties, but simply the interaction of political forces. They should cooperate with each other in a reasonable manner.
Of course, today the activities of political parties of Kazakhstan requires further improvement. State of trial and error looking for appropriate forms of legal regulation of this sphere in order to stimulate the con- struction of full-fledged political party.
References
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